In a patient with retinal vasculitis, it is useful to know the following:
1) Type of retinal vessels involved - arterioles, venules, capillaries
2) CSF study normal or abnormal
3) MRI Brain normal, vasculitis, white matter changes, ventricular enlargement
List of causes of retinal vasculitis (Uptodate)
1) Type of retinal vessels involved - arterioles, venules, capillaries
2) CSF study normal or abnormal
3) MRI Brain normal, vasculitis, white matter changes, ventricular enlargement
Identification of retinal vessels involved
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2855661/
Retinal vasculitis affecting predominantly the veins (phlebitis) has been described in association with Behçet's disease, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, pars planitis, retinal vasculitis associated with tuberculoprotein hypersensitivity (Eales' disease), human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). Retinal arteritis is more commonly seen in acute retinal necrosis, idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) and systemic vasculitides such as SLE, polyarteritis nodosa, and Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome and cryoglobulinemia.
List of causes of retinal vasculitis (Uptodate)
| Systemic disorders |
| Behcet's disease |
| Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) |
| Sarcoidosis |
| Relapsing polychondritis |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Giant cell arteritis |
| Polyarteritis nodosa |
| Multiple sclerosis |
| Whipple's disease |
| Crohn's disease |
| HLA-B27 associated conditions |
| Infectious disorders |
| Toxoplasmosis |
| Tuberculosis |
| Syphilis |
| Herpes simplex |
| Herpes zoster |
| Acute retinal necrosis |
| Cytomegalovirus |
| Coccidiomycosis |
| Hepatitis |
| Amoebiasis |
| Candidiasis |
| Leptospirosis |
| Ricketsia |
| Brucellosis |
| Lyme disease |
| Human immunodeficiency virus |
| Toxocariasis |
| Ocular disorders |
| Birdshot retinochoroidopathy |
| Pars planitis |
| Eale's disease |
| Retinal arteriolitis |
| Behcet's sine systemic disease |
| Sympathetic ophthalmia |
Classification of retinal
vasculitis by involved vessel
Disease
|
Primary vessel
involved
|
Polyarteritis nodosa
|
Muscular arteries
|
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's); giant cell
arteritis
|
Medium to small arteries
|
Systemic lupus erythematosus
|
Small arteries
|
Whipple's disease
|
Capillaries
|
Behcet's disease; sarcoidosis; multiple sclerosis
|
Veins
|
Crohn's disease; relapsing polychondritis
|
Arteries and veins
|
HLA-B27 associated conditions, such as ankylosing
spondylitis
|
Variable or no involvement
|
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